Bhaktapur, a fragile cultural heritage.
Bhaktapur, UNESCO World Heritage site.
Located in Nepal’s Kathmandu Valley, Bhaktapur, also known as Bhadgaon, resonates with the echo of history and the splendor of its heritage. Founded in the 9th century, the city played a crucial role in the trade and culture of the Himalayan region. In 1979, Bhaktapur was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site for its well-preserved medieval architecture, which bears living witness to the art and culture of ancient Nepal.
First of all, there’s Durbar Square, in the heart of the city. A treasure trove of medieval architecture surrounded by ornate temples, it offers a panoramic view of Bhaktapur’s artistic grandeur. The Nyatapola temple, with its five levels symbolizing the elements, stands proudly as a testament to the city’s rich spirituality. Bhaktapur square and all its remains were badly hit by the major earthquake of 1934. The recent earthquake of 2015 weakened the last remaining monuments, and it is sad to say that important historical remains are now to be found in ruins.
The palace of 55 windows.
The 55-window palace is perhaps the square’s most emblematic palace. Built in the 15th century, and renovated in the 17th, the palace shines with its balcony and 55 windows gracefully carved from wood. The main gate, known as the Golden Gate, also contributes to its majesty. Considered one of the most beautiful gates in the world, the Golden Gate, surmounted by a stature of the Hindu goddesses Kali and Garuda, features other mythical Hindu creatures, all executed with great skill.
Nyatapola temple.
An imposing temple, Nyatapola has withstood Nepal’s many earthquakes. It is the highest temple in Nepal. Located in Taumadhi Square, it towers above all other buildings. From the top of the steps at its base, you can enjoy a bird’s-eye view of the whole complex, but the entrance to the temple itself is reserved for the faithful.
Batsala Temple.
This stone temple boasts perfectly crafted sculptures. The temple is most famous for its silver bell, referred to by locals as the “dog barking bell”, due to the reaction of the local dogs, who would howl and bark at the sound of the bell.
Bhaktapur ‘s picturesque streets and original neighbourhoods.
Once you’ve had your fill of the square and your fill of Bhaktapur’s specialty yoghurt, you’re off to explore the streets and alleyways to discover the intimacy of this magnificent city. Bhaktapur’s cobbled streets reflect the history that has taken place here. Strolling through these narrow streets, you’ll discover the typical water features that have been created over the centuries, not only to satisfy water needs, but also to add a picturesque touch to the city. Neighborhood temples, large and small, stand majestically on every corner, a reminder of Bhaktapur’s spiritual importance.
Beyond its impressive architecture, Bhaktapur owes its charm to the daily life that enlivens its streets. Small shops color the alleyways, offering handcrafted souvenirs, shimmering fabrics and intoxicating spices. The small vendors, often talented craftsmen, create a lively atmosphere where every street corner tells a unique story.
Farmers, with their lively markets, add a rustic touch to Bhaktapur. The relationship between the city and the land that surrounds it is palpable, with fresh produce and handicrafts sourced directly from the skilled hands of local inhabitants.
As we turn down an alleyway, we can see the cages of roosters destined for consumption, fighting or sacrifice. Offerings are made during the Inner Jatra, commonly known as the Biska Jatra at Thimi in Bhaktapur. Although the practice of fighting is forbidden in most Asian countries, it represents a random source of income. But the foundations of this activity go back to ancient times (several millennia in Asia), and are thought to have begun with the sedentarization of the first farmers.
The small temples scattered along almost every street and alley in the city are havens of devotion. Their delicately sculpted roofs rise skyward, creating an architectural symphony that blends harmoniously into the urban landscape. These intimate sanctuaries welcome the faithful for daily ceremonies, prayers and ritual offerings. Whether large or small, ornate or simply placed on a plank, steles and temples always reserve a special place for offerings. Often adorned with sacred images and intricate designs, they stand like guardians of time, bearing witness to the centuries of history that have shaped this city. Each one tells a story, a legend, or perpetuates the memory of a significant event.
The Temple of Changu Narayan and its Enigmatic Divinities
Overlooking the Kathmandu valley, the Changu Narayan temple is an architectural and spiritual gem. Built in the 3rd century, this sanctuary dedicated to Vishnu boasts a profusion of detailed sculptures representing various Hindu deities. Ancient inscriptions on the temple walls recount epic legends and bear witness to the region’s rich cultural tradition.
Changu Narayan’s sculptures, executed with admirable precision, transport visitors to a world where spirituality and art are one. The deities that populate the temple are silent witnesses to Bhaktapur’s tumultuous history and its commitment to faith.
An initiatory visit, full of spirituality, Bhaktapur presents itself as an open window on the past, where cobbled streets, majestic temples, bustling small shops and enigmatic deities converge to offer an unforgettable cultural experience. As a UNESCO World Heritage Site, the city continues to captivate visitors from all over the world, inviting them to immerse themselves in the history and spirituality that permeate every stone in its streets.
Bhaktapur (Nepal) – August 2014
